Islam & Natural Philosophy: Principles of Daqīq al-Kalām presents the works of theologians regarding Natural Philosophy, including their views on space, time, motion, matter and the rest of the natural world.

These topics, called Daqīq al-Kalām, complement the other part of kalām regarding divinity (ilāhiyāt), called Jalīl al-Kalām. The novel contribution of Altaie is his discovery that the scholars based their arguments on five basic principles: temporality, atomism, continual re-creation, contingency and indeterminacy of the world and the integrity of space and time.